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Thinking on their feet: In-class exercise helps fight childhood obesity while kids learn

Students are coming into school, they’re spending a lot of time sitting in their
seats.

One of the main culprits of this obesity epidemic is the lack of physical activity. Only 20 percent of the population is meeting the regular physical activity guidelines. We went to our lab to figure out what are the health benefits associated with small bursts—2, 3, 4 minutes of activity.

InPACT came about at the University of Michigan and stands for Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Activity. So with 5 activity breaks, 4 minutes long, we’re trying to promote both movement and learning that makes physical activity an enjoyable activity and a part of the actual curriculum. The kids think this is totally cool and fun.

Activity breaks give me more energy.

It makes me feel happy.

I get energy, and my blood goes to my brain.

We know that bringing exercise into the classroom works on so many levels. It improves their mood, helps them become more alert and more focused on what the teacher is presenting.

When we asked the teachers would they be interested in doing an intervention like this, 100 percent they were very excited.

We were able to do the 20-minute workout almost every day. They were the ones reminding me: “Hey Mr. Reyes, look at the time. It’ time to dance, it’s time to do the workout!”

I think the whole class likes the activity breaks.

My favorite thing about the activity breaks is I get to move a lot.

Our graduate students were really the liaison between the research staff and the teachers at each of the schools. They would troubleshoot what’s going right and what’s going wrong with the classroom.

Being able to make an impact and a change, I hope, I don’t know, to maybe make just a small little dent in the obesity epidemic.

We are very interested in getting InPACT into every classroom throughout the state of Michigan.

We know that it will have lifelong benefits, so it’s worth the investment.

This program from the University of Michigan is one of the best. Every school should be doing it. Everyone should do it.

Video Produced by Bob Berg, Michigan Media All photos by Eric Bronson, Michigan Photography
By Laura Bailey, Michigan News
Cesar Reyes, 5th grade Bilingual math teacher at Munger Elementary/Middle School in Detroit, says the kids love the University of Michigan's in-class exercise program, InPACT. "The kids were the ones reminding me: 'Hey Mr. Reyes, it's time to dance!'"

“The kids were the ones reminding me: ‘Hey Mr. Reyes, it’s time to dance!'”

ANN ARBOR—Among the many things that years of teaching elementary school students has taught Cesar Reyes, is that kids sit too much during school and should move more.

So when Reyes, a teacher at Detroit’s Munger Elementary-Middle School, was asked to try an in-class exercise program developed at the University of Michigan, he was all for it.

The program, called InPACT (Interrupting Prolonged sitting with ACTivity), incorporates five bursts of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise into the class day, for a total of 20 minutes. It’s led by Rebecca Hasson, U-M associate professor of kinesiology and nutritional sciences, and was developed with the U-M schools of public health, education, and architecture and urban planning, and Project Healthy Schools.

Rebecca Hasson, director of the Childhood Health Disparities Research Lab at the University of Michigan's School of Kinesiology

Rebecca Hasson

Hasson is director of the Childhood Health Disparities Research Laboratory, and much of her research focuses on finding ways to incorporate exercise into children’s lives to curb the growing pediatric obesity epidemic. The lab’s research showed that uninterrupted prolonged sitting is associated with increased disruptive behavior and lower academic achievement in addition to increased obesity risk.

With cuts to budgets and more time spent on standardized testing, physical activities and physical education are being squeezed out of the school day. InPACT brings activity back.

Munger is the latest school to bring the lab’s research into the classroom. Columbia Elementary in Brooklyn, Michigan; Estabrook Learning Center in Ypsilanti; and Jesse L. Anderson Elementary in Trenton came before Munger.

“Pediatric obesity has more than tripled over the last 30 to 40 years, and this is particularly true in minority youth,” she said.

Sitting and lack of physical activity are big contributors, and while 20 minutes of exercise doesn’t seem like much, consider that physical activity is being engineered out of many schools, Hasson said.

“We’re trying to create a culture of health throughout the entire school day, not just in gym.”

Rebecca Hasson

As childhood obesity rates rise and physical education offerings dwindle, elementary schools keep searching for ways to incorporate the federally recommended half-hour of physical activity into the school day, she said. Kids are supposed to get an hour of exercise a day—30 minutes of that during school. Most don’t.

Munger Elementary/Middle School in Detroit, site of the University of Michigan's InPACT in-class physical activity program

Munger Elementary/Middle School in Detroit

“Many kids don’t have PE every day but they might have recess, and if they get 10 more minutes of activity there, it would meet that school requirement,” Hasson said. “This doesn’t replace PE, it’s a supplement. We’re trying to create a culture of health throughout the entire school day, not just in the gym.”

The obesity epidemic is particularly harmful for children because they’re living with excess fat longer than ever before, she said.

To develop the program, Hasson’s lab first partnered with U-M’s College of Architecture and Urban Planning, which redesigned classroom setup and furniture to promote activity. Researchers then tested the program in the lab, and this portion of the intervention was called Active Class Space––basically the pre-testing for the classroom intervention.

The University of Michigan's InPACT program involves 5 activity breaks of 4 minutes each; the physical activity helps the kids focus on classroom learning

Physical activity helps the kids focus on classroom learning

Researchers tweaked the program along the way, trying exercise breaks of two, three and four minutes, and developing ways to make the exercise more enjoyable for students and more feasible for teachers.

The initial findings were positive: Unlike adults, the kids in the study who did 40 minutes a day didn’t eat back the burned calories or become couch potatoes when they got home. Children burned an additional 150 calories a day, and considering one pound is 3,500 calories, that adds up over time.

The exercise breaks didn’t disrupt learning, and 99 percent of the kids were able to resume book work within one minute, Hasson said.

Ben Ransier, MEd, Curriculum and Training Coordinator, University of Michigan

Ben Ransier

Eventually, the U-M team was ready to test the program more widely in actual school settings, and that’s when Project Healthy Schools became involved.

Project Healthy Schools is a Michigan Medicine program that provides health education in 100 Michigan schools, one in Arizona and four schools in Bangladesh. Its focus is combating obesity in children.

Like Reyes, Ben Rainsier, curriculum and training coordinator for Project Healthy Schools, has long known that kids sit too much. When Rainsier read about the Active Class Space study in the campus newspaper, he knew right away he wanted to be a part of it.

“I reached out to Dr. Hasson and said, ‘This is awesome but this doesn’t deserve to be in a lab, this deserves to be in schools,'” he said.

The University of Michigan's InPACT program can help kids burn an extra 70-100 calories a day

The InPACT approach can help kids burn an extra 70-100 calories a day

With the help of Project Healthy Schools, the lab at U-M has worked with about 1,000 students and 29 teachers in four schools. Hasson hopes to secure funding to help implement InPACT statewide.

Reyes said that students seem less sluggish, happier and more engaged, and they looked forward to the exercise breaks. And, he said, students in urban districts like Munger are exposed to many stressors that can be eased by exercise.

Shortly after starting InPACT, the kids were reminding Reyes when it was “time to dance.”

“They love dancing, they love to move,” he said. “We were able to do the 20-minute workouts almost every day.”

Rebecca Hasson

Project Healthy Schools

Studies:

Acute compensatory responses to interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent activity in preadolescent children

The effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent activity on appetite sensations and subsequent food intake in preadolescent children

Affective responses to intermittent physical activity in normal weight and overweight/obese elementary school-age children

Acute effect of computer-game and exercise breaks on math performance in preadolescent children

Feasibility of inPACT intervention to enhance movement and learning in the classroom

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